论社会主义和谐社会

构建社会主义和谐社会是中国共产党人在新世纪提出的重大战略任务。社会主义和谐社会既有着深厚的马克思主义和中国传统文化的理论基础,又有着反映时代特征和中国特色社会主义要求的丰富内涵;提出构建社会主义和谐社会既体现了对社会发展阶段的正确判断和对社会发展规律的深刻把握,也反映了对社会发展中存在问题的清醒认识与实事求是的科学态度;构建社会主义和谐社会是一个宏大的系统工程,要从确立社会目标、进行利益分析、实施制度安排、着手意识培育等四个方面着手,正确处理好与全面建设小康社会、树立和落实科学发展观、加强党的执政能力建设的关系。     

第四代管理中的质量管理

当今企业在激烈的市场竞争中,共同面临的一个问题是,如何更快、更好地发展（即不断追求卓越）。第四代管理为解决这一问题提供了思路,其核心要素有：质量、科学的方法和所有人的团队。本文重点讨论第一个要素一质量。首先介绍了第四代管理中关于质量管理的基本思想：质量是管理的第一要素;解决工作中的问题关键在于改进系统。介绍了第四代管理对顾客的理解,特别介绍了“顾客对质量的定义”的四个方面的内容。最后讨论了第四代管理的质量战略——以顾客为焦点。     

加拿大竞争局的执法方法简介及评价

加拿大竞争局在执行竞争法的过程中,确立了以最大限度地遵守竞争法为目标定位的方法体系, 包括通过教育遵守竞争法的措施、促进遵守竞争法的措施、对不遵守竞争法的应对措施三个方面 的内容。这一执法体系,强调对不正当竞争行为和限制竞争行为的预防和指导,强调和经营者、 政府部门的合作,注重非对抗性程序的应用,提倡高效、及时的解决竞争问题,符合市场经济条件 下效益优先的原则,很好地适应了全球化背景下加拿大解决竞争问题的需要,对我国的竞争执法 工作有相当的借鉴意义。     

Rethinking Conflict: Perspectives from the Insight Approach

In this article, the authors present the “insight approach” to conflict as an analytical and methodological framework that addresses the dynamic interactions between conflicting parties. According to the insight approach, conflict is relational, dynamic, and adaptive, generated from the responsive interpretive frameworks that parties use to construct meaning. Conflict arises as a result of parties' experience of what insight theorists call “threat‐to‐cares,” which generates defend–attack patterns of interaction between them. The authors suggest that rethinking the nature of conflict so that it is seen as an interaction embedded in meaning making enables conflict interveners to help parties gain insight into, and articulate, the values that are being generated, advanced, threatened, and realigned within the complex interactions that define us as social beings. In doing so, parties develop abilities to generate new patterns and solutions that can limit and even eliminate the experiences of threat that generate conflict between them.     

Increasing Evidence-Based Programs in Criminal and Juvenile Justice: A Report from the Front Line

For the past 5 years in the United States, there has been an increased emphasis on evidence-based programs, and, in particular, the promotion of experimental designs as the highest standard of evidence. This interest has been fueled by the Federal government's demand for accountability that links budget allocation with program performance. The National Institute of Justice, the research, development and evaluation agency within the Office of Programs in the U.S. Department of Justice is undertaking a number of efforts to improve the quality of evaluation research and address the need for evidence-based programs. These efforts have focused on making improvements upfront in the grant selection process so that well-designed evaluations will be undertaken and in the management and monitoring of ongoing evaluation research grants so that implementation and design issues can be identified and addressed. Evaluability assessments is a key strategy that NIJ is relying on increasingly to identify programs that have a high likelihood of being successfully evaluated. Whether these efforts will lead to an overall increase in the rigor of NIJ-supported evaluations remains unanswered at this time. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of The National Academies or the National Institute of Justice.     

The decision to leave an abusive relationship: The testing of an alternative methodological approach

Most studies that consider the factors influencing the decision to leave an abusive relationship rely on retrospective, self-report data. In addition to the biased samples that are frequently obtained in such investigations, the methodological shortcomings of survey research limit its explanatory power, particularly when applied to such sensitive topics as family violence. This report introduces an alternative method for studying the decision to leave an abusive relationship. Forty-five men and 68 women were studied using an experimental computer game of an abuse-like relationship. The tendency to leave this relationship was measured under four differing conditions of severity and frequency of abuse. A logit analysis revealed that the frequency of abuse was more consequential to women's decisions to leave, while severity of abuse was more salient for men. In addition, the hypothesized model, including frequency of abuse, severity of abuse, and locus of control, fits well for women but not for men. The implications of these findings, as well as the validity and future application of experimental games, are discussed.     

Public-Sector Consolidated Financial Statements: An Analysis of the Comment Letters on IPSASB’s Exposure Draft No. 49

Public sector consolidated financial statements can be drafted according to different approaches, especially the “control approach” or “budgetary perspective.” Considering the growing importance of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) in the international scenario, the aim of the article is to investigate these approaches through an analysis of the comment letters submitted to the Exposure Draft no. 49, which will replace the current IPSAS 6. The main finding concerns the acceptance of the key role played by the control approach, even though it needs to be better specified, in order to take into account the public sector characteristics.     

Fragile States: A Donor-serving Concept? Issues with Interpretations of Fragile Statehood in Afghanistan

Abstract

The paradox of attempting to (re)construct state institutions without considering the socio-political cohesion of societies recurs throughout the world, most notably today in the Middle East, Africa and the Balkans. This essay tries to shed some light on the debate around the concepts of state and nation-building. Drawing on a sociological understanding of the modern nation-state, it contends that it is impossible to conceive of statebuilding as a process separate from nation-building. This essay identifies two different schools of thought in the discussion concerning the statebuilding process, each of which reflects different sociological understandings of the state. The first one, an ‘institutional approach’ closely related to the Weberian conception of the state, focuses on the importance of institutional reconstruction and postulates that statebuilding activities do not necessarily require a concomitant nation-building effort. The second, a ‘legitimacy approach’ influenced by Durkheimian sociology, recognizes the need to consolidate central state institutions, but puts more emphasis on the importance of socio-political cohesion in the process. Building on this second approach and demonstrating its relevance in contemporary statebuilding, this article concludes with a discussion of recent statebuilding attempts and the ways external actors can effectively contribute to statebuilding processes.